Cuscuta Epithymum_ Murr. Stems very slender, a
parasitic vine; seeds oval to spherical, dull, pitted, color yellowish,
light to dark brown, light green to purple, about 2 mm. long. Introduced
from Europe. Occasionally found on red clover.

[Illustration: Fig. 147.]

=Gronovius Dodder.= _Cuscuta Gronovii_ Willd. Seed light to dark brown,
surface minutely granular, free from gloss, a few spherical, most of
them indented as they dry or variously angled where they crowded against
each other in the pod, 1.5-1.7 mm. in diameter. Species of dodder are
difficult to distinguish one from the other. This is common on low land,
where it draws nourishment from a great variety of plants, such as
willows, balsams, nettles.

[Illustration: Fig. 148.]

=Spanish Dodder.= _Cuscuta planiflora_ Tenore. Color light to dark pink,
purple buff, olive green; surface well roughened, almost reticulated, in
shape flattened on one side, ovoid, oval angled, indented in great
variety, 0.7-1.2 mm. long.

BORAGE FAMILY. BORAGINACEAE.

[Illustration: Fig. 149.]

=Hound's Tongue.= _Cynoglossum officinale_ L. Flowers reddish purple;
ovary brown deeply 4-lobed separating into four achenes, 5-7 mm. long,
flattened, broadly ovate or circular, excepting a slight extension at
one end, lower side having an ovate scar, nearly half as long as the
achenes, all the rest of the surface clothed with straight, stiff,
cap-shaped hairs, bearded on all sides. Introduced from Europe. Very
objectionable in pastures.

[Illustration: Fig. 150.]

=Stick-Seed. Burr Seed.= _Lappula echinata_ Gilibert. _Lappula Lappula_
(L.) Karst. Flowers blue, ovary deeply 4-lobed separating into four
warty achenes, each one brown, about 2.5 mm. long, slightly flattened,
ovate with wedge-shaped apex; the upper side bearing a few stiff
straight, diverging cap-shaped hairs, bearded on all sides; lower side
destitute of hairs, bearing a straight ridge from the point to the
middle of the large end. Introduced from Europe. Very objectionable in
pastures.

[Illustration: Fig. 151.]

=Wild Comfrey.= _Lappula Virginiana_ (L.) Greene. Flowers blue; ovary
deeply 4-lobed separating into four brown achenes, about 3 mm. long,
flattened on upper side, broadly ovate, the apex wedge-shaped, the upper
side clothed with stiff straight cap-shaped hairs, bearded on all sides;
lower side a low 4-sided cone, nearly smooth with a concave triangular
scar. Native to rich woodlands.

[Illustration: Fi