fective, should be
the color of strong tea. Occasional waterings of weak liquid manure
will be of considerable help if the pots are full of roots.

_J. Thorpe._

Entomology.

Arsenical Poisons in the Orchard.

As is well known, about fifty per cent. of the possible apple crop in
the Western states is sacrificed each year to the codling moth, except
in sections where orchardists combine to apply bands of straw around
the trunks. But as is equally well known this is rather a troublesome
remedy. At all events, in Illinois, Professor Forbes, in a bulletin
lately issued from the office of the State Entomologist of Illinois,
claims that the farmers of that state suffer an annual loss from the
attacks of this single kind of insect of some two and three-quarters
millions of dollars.

As the results of two years' experiments in spraying the trees with
a solution of Paris green, only once or twice in early spring, before
the young apples had drooped upon their stems, there was a saving of
about seventy-five per cent. of the apples.

The Paris green mixture consisted of three-fourths of an ounce of the
powder by weight, of a strength to contain 15.4 per cent. of metallic
arsenic, simply stirred up in two and a half gallons of water. The
tree was thoroughly sprayed with a hand force-pump, and with the
deflector spray and solid jet-hose nozzle, manufactured in Lowell,
Mass. The fluid was thrown in a fine mist-like spray, applied until
the leaves began to drip.

The trees were sprayed in May and early in June while the apples were
still very small. It seems to be of little use to employ this remedy
later in the season, when later broods of the moth appear, since the
poison takes effect only in case it reaches the surface of the apple
between the lobes of the calyx, and it can only reach this place when
the apple is very small and stands upright on its stem, It should be
added that spraying "after the apples have begun to hang downward is
unquestionably dangerous," since even heavy winds and violent rains
are not sufficient to remove the poison from the fruit at this season.

At the New York Experimental station last year a certain number of
trees were sprayed three times with Paris green with the result that
sixty-nine per cent. of the apples were saved.

It also seems that last year about half the damage that might have
been done by the Plum weevil or curculio was prevented by the use of
Paris green, which shou