e September, winter will soon be with us. From that time
until April the Junco is of our commonest birds. He visits our
food-shelf and roosts in our evergreens, becoming almost as domestic as
the Chipping Sparrow. The Junco's call-notes are a sharp _tsip_, a
contented _chew-chew-chew_, and a sharp kissing call. Its modest,
musical little trill we shall not hear until spring. The nest is built
on the ground, and the 4-5 white, speckled, or spotted, eggs are laid
late in May.

BACHMAN'S SPARROW

_Peucaea aestivalis bachmani_

With a general resemblance to a Field Sparrow but
bill black and larger, cheeks and underparts more
buffy, tail shorter, no evident wing bars.

_Range._ Southeastern United States from central
Georgia to Virginia and from northwestern Florida
to central Illinois; winters from North Carolina
to northern Florida.

Where 'scrub' oaks grow beneath the pines, or post, or white oaks form
open woods, there one may look for this rather retiring, sweet-voiced
Sparrow. If one can imagine a Hermit Thrush singing the Field Sparrow's
chant, he will have some conception of the rare quality of Bachman's
Sparrow's song. The nest is built on the ground, the white unmarked eggs
being laid early in May.

The Pine Woods Sparrow (_P. ae. aestivalis_), is a darker race, more
streaked above with black. It is resident in Florida (except the
northwestern part) and southern Georgia where it frequents pine forests
undergrown with scrub palmetto.

SONG SPARROW

_Melospiza melodia melodia. Case 2, Fig. 34; Case 4, Fig. 42_

Streaked below, with a conspicuous spot in the
center of the breast.

_Range._ Most of North America, the eastern form
west to the Rockies, nesting from Virginia and
Missouri to Canada and wintering from Illinois and
Massachusetts to the Gulf.

Washington, common P.R., abundant T.V., Mch. and
Oct. Ossining, common P.R. Cambridge, very
abundant S.R., Mch. 10-Nov. 1; locally common W.V.
N. Ohio, P.R., abundant in summer, common in
winter; Glen Ellyn, common S.R. Feb. 12-Nov. 2.
SE. Minn., common S.R., Mch. 16-Nov. 11.

If the so-called 'English' Sparrow is the European Sparrow, the Song
Sparrow is the American Sparrow. He is found in every State and from the
Valley of Mexico to Alaska. He is abundant, m