es,
as well as of more deaths during the first year of infancy, than any
other cause. And in speaking of its relationship to babycraft, we
believe that ignorance concerning normal stools, how many times a day
the bowels should move; how much a baby's stomach holds; how often he
should be fed, etc.--I say it is ignorance of these essential details
that lies at the bottom of many problems which come up during the
first year, particularly the "feeding problem."

INFANT WELFARE

In the city of Chicago at the time of this writing, the Infant Welfare
Association maintains over twenty separate stations where meetings are
held for mothers, where lectures are delivered on the care and feeding
of babies. Babies are brought to these stations week in and week out;
they are weighed and measured and, if bottle-fed, nurses are sent to
the homes to teach the mother how properly to modify the milk in
accordance with the physician's orders. The health authorities of our
city also maintain several such stations where mothers and babies may
have this efficient help. A corps of nurses are employed to carry out
the instructions and to follow up the mothers and the babies in their
homes, and thus the death rate has been greatly reduced, not only in
our city but in all such cities where baby stations have been
instituted. In a certain ward in Philadelphia the death rate was
reduced forty-four per cent in one year after the baby stations were
established.

CHOOSING A FORMULA

There are three classes of infants who require weak-milk mixtures to
begin with: namely, the baby who has been previously nursed and whose
mother's milk has utterly failed; the baby just weaned; and the infant
whose power to digest is low. If these children were six months old,
and the formula best suited to them is unknown, we must begin with a
formula suited to a two- or three-month-old child and quickly work up
to the six-month formula, which may often be accomplished within two
or three days.

THE BOTTLE-FED BABY

When a baby is getting on well with his food, he should show the
following characteristics: He should have a good appetite; should have
no vomiting or gas; he should cry but little; and he should sleep
quietly and restfully. His bowels should move once or twice in
twenty-four hours. His stool should be a pasty homogeneous mass. He
should possess a clear skin and good color. He should show some gain
each week--from four to eight ounces--and he s