he fell into
a state of madness, and had a miserable end. Others affirm that during
his exile he gave his mind to the black arts (_sciences noires_) and
that he had a familiar spirit, which warned him of his death, while he
was taking his recreation in a boat, on which he said to the boatman:
"Let us land, for a certainty one of us two will be drowned to-day,"
which happened, for as they embarked at the port of Winchant he fell
into the sea and was drowned, and his body being found a few days
afterwards was interred in the church of Cherbourg'" (F.B. Tupper,
"History of Guernsey," p. 40).

NOTE B.

_Vale Abbey_.--"The Abbey of Mont St. Michael was reduced in its
revenues by Duke Richard of Normandy. The number of Benedictines was
reduced in proportion to the reduction of the revenue, and those who
were driven from thence, retiring to Guernsey, founded in the year 962
an abbey in that part of the island now called the Close of the Vale.
This they called the Abbey of St. Michael" (Wm. Berry, "History of
Guernsey," p. 52).

NOTE C.

_Vale Castle_.--"Towards the end of the tenth century the Danes, or
other piratical nations of Scandinavia, who had long been quiet,
commenced their depredations. They did not attempt to attack Normandy,
but the new settlement of the Benedictines in Guernsey did not escape
their cruelty, but was greatly injured by them. They frequently visited
the island, and, according to the insular MSS., plundered the
defenceless inhabitants, carrying off their corn and cattle. In order to
shelter them, a fair and stately castle was built on an eminence in the
vale, calculated to receive, even three centuries later, not only the
inhabitants of the island but also their cattle and effects. It was
called St. Michael's Castle" (_Ibid._, p. 56).

NOTE D.

_Visit of Duke Robert_.--"In 1028 Robert Duke of Normandy espoused the
cause of his two cousins Alfred and Edward, claiming the throne of
England. On Canute's refusal to make restitution, Robert fitted out a
powerful armament, and embarked at the head of a numerous army,
intending to land on the coast of Sussex. A great storm arose the day
after leaving Fecamp, his whole fleet was dispersed, and many ships
totally lost. Robert's vessel and about twenty others were forced down
the channel as far as Guernsey, and would have been dashed to pieces on
the rocky coast of the island had not the fishermen, seeing them in
distress, ventured out in boats