, 32,318 km gravel, earth, and improved earth

_#_Inland waterways: 2,090 km; of decreasing importance

_#_Ports: Douala

_#_Merchant marine: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
24,122 GRT/33,509 DWT

_#_Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 60 total, 52 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways;
1 with runways over 3,659 m; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 21 with
runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: good system of open wire, cable, troposcatter,
and radio relay; 26,000 telephones; stations--10 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV; 2
Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations

_*_Defense Forces
_#_Branches: Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force; paramilitary
Gendarmerie

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 2,628,909; 1,324,899 fit for
military service; 125,421 reach military age (18) annually

_#_Defense expenditures: $219 million, 1.7% of GDP (1990 est.)
_%_
_@_Canada
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 9,976,140 km2; land area: 9,220,970 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than US

_#_Land boundaries: 8,893 km with US (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

_#_Coastline: 243,791 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Disputes: maritime boundary disputes with France (Saint Pierre and
Miquelon) and US

_#_Climate: varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in
north

_#_Terrain: mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in
southeast

_#_Natural resources: nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum,
potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, crude oil, natural gas

_#_Land use: arable land 5%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and
pastures 3%; forest and woodland 35%; other 57%; includes NEGL%
irrigated

_#_Environment: 80% of population concentrated within 160 km of US
border; continuous permafrost in north a serious obstacle to development

_#_Note: second-largest country in world (after USSR); strategic
location between USSR and US via north polar route

_*_People
_#_Population: 26,835,036 (July 1991), growth rate 1.1% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 14 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 5 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 7 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 81 years fema