on rate: 28 migrants/1,000 population (1991);
note--there are flows across the border in both directions, but data are
fragmentary and unreliable

_#_Infant mortality rate: 164 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 44 years male, 43 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 6.3 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Afghan(s); adjective--Afghan

_#_Ethnic divisions: Pashtun 50%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 9%, Hazara
12-15%; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and
other

_#_Religion: Sunni Muslim 84%, Shia Muslim 15%, other 1%

_#_Language: Pashtu 50%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 35%, Turkic
languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages
(primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%; much bilingualism

_#_Literacy: 29% (male 44%, female 14%) age 15 and over can
read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 4,980,000; agriculture and animal husbandry 67.8%,
industry 10.2%, construction 6.3%, commerce 5.0%, services and other
10.7%, (1980 est.)

_#_Organized labor: some small government-controlled unions

_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: Republic of Afghanistan

_#_Type: authoritarian

_#_Capital: Kabul

_#_Administrative divisions: 30 provinces (velayat,
singular--velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh,
Bamian, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand,
Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Konar,
Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Oruzgan,
Paktia, Paktika, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol,
Takhar, Vardak, Zabol; note--there may be a new province of
Nurestan (Nuristan)

_#_Independence: 19 August 1919 (from UK)

_#_Constitution: adopted 30 November 1987, revised May 1990

_#_Legal system: has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

_#_National holiday: Anniversary of the Saur Revolution, 27 April
(1978)

_#_Executive branch: president, four vice presidents, prime minister,
deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly (Meli Shura)
consists of an upper house or Council of Elders (Sena) and a lower house
or Council of Representatives (Wolosi Jirga)

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government--President (Mohammad)
NAJIBULLAH (Ahmadzai) (since 30 November 1987); First Vice President
Abdul Wahed SORABI (since 7 January 1991); Prime Minister Fazil Haq
KHALIQYAR (since 21 May 1990)

_#_P