d use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures
0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%

_#_Environment: coral atoll

_#_Note: located 2,350 km west-northwest of Honolulu at the western
end of Hawaiian Islands group, about one-third of the way between
Honolulu and Tokyo; closed to the public

_*_People
_#_Population: 453 US military personnel (1991)

_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: none

_#_Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US
Navy, under command of the Barbers Point Naval Air Station in Hawaii and
managed cooperatively by the US Navy and the Fish and Wildlife Service of
the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge
System

_#_Diplomatic representation: none (territory of the US)

_#_Flag: the US flag is used

_*_Economy
_#_Overview: The economy is based on providing support services for US
naval operations located on the islands. All food and manufactured goods
must be imported.

_#_Electricity: supplied by US Military

_*_Communications
_#_Highways: 32 km total

_#_Pipelines: 7.8 km

_#_Ports: Sand Island

_#_Airports: 3 total; 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways;
none with runways over 2,439 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_*_Defense Forces
_#_Note: defense is the responsibility of the US
_%_
_@_Monaco
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 1.9 km2; land area: 1.9 km2

_#_Comparative area: about three times the size of The Mall in
Washington, DC

_#_Land boundary: 4.4 km with France

_#_Coastline: 4.1 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Climate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

_#_Terrain: hilly, rugged, rocky

_#_Natural resources: none

_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures
0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%

_#_Environment: almost entirely urban

_#_Note: second-smallest independent state in world (after
Vatican City)

_*_People
_#_Population: 29,712 (July 1991), growth rate 0.9% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 7 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 9 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 80 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 1.1 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Monacan(s)