rude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable
consumer goods, electronic computers; telecommunications equipment
and parts
partners: US, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea

External debt: $233 billion (1994)

Economic aid:
donor: ODA, $2.373 billion (1993)
note: ODA and OOF commitments, $10.1 billion (1986-91)

Currency: 1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates: Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.3666 (January
1996), 1.3724 (1995), 1.3656 (1994), 1.2901 (1993), 1.2087 (1992),
1.1457 (1991)

Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March

Transportation
--------------

Railways:
total: 70,176 km; note - there are two major transcontinental
freight railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November
1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by
government-operated firm VIA, which has no trackage of its own
standard gauge: 70,000 km 1.435-m gauge (63 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 176 km 0.914-m gauge (1995)

Highways:
total: 849,404 km
paved: 297,291 km (including 15,983 km of expressways)
unpaved: 552,113 km (1991 est.)

Waterways: 3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway

Pipelines: crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

Ports: Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax, Montreal, New
Westminister, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick),
Saint John's (Newfoundland), Seven Islands, Sydney, Three Rivers,
Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor

Merchant marine:
total: 62 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 573,089 GRT/804,436 DWT
ships by type: bulk 17, cargo 9, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 15,
passenger 2, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off
cargo 7, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2
note: does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes
(1995 est.)

Airports:
total: 1,138
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 17
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 15
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 136
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 226
with paved runways under 914 m: 422
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 53
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 269 (1995 est.)

Heliports: 14 (1995 est.)

Communications
--------------

Telephones: 15.3 million (1990)

Telephone system: excellent service provided by modern technology
domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations
international: 5 c