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n by pain, fell on his knees and implored protection; but he retained enough of interest in the situation to murmur through his gory lips, "Are you already king?" "Not yet, but I shall be soon," was the reply. On a promise that the traitorous betrayer of his country's honor should be delivered to the courts and tried by the rigor of the law, the excited populace withdrew. At once Charles began preparations to carry Godoy beyond their reach; but the fact could not be kept secret, and once more rioting began. The populace of Madrid burned all the palaces belonging to the prince, except one, which they spared because they thought it was the property of their sovereign. The King submitted to what was inevitable, but determined to lay down the burden of his royal dignity. On the same day, the nineteenth, he signed the necessary papers and abdicated in favor of his son. Next morning, in the presence of a great council summoned to Aranjuez, he explained that he was overwhelmed by misfortune and the weight of government, and that for his health's sake he must seek the ease of private life in a milder clime. CHAPTER X THE AWAKENING OF SPAIN[21] [Footnote 21: See Baumgarten: Geschichte Spaniens vom Ausbruch der Franzoesischen Revolution bis auf unsere Tage. Manini: Historia de la marina real espanola. Arteche y Maro: Guerra de la Independencia. Torino: Guerra de la Independencia. On the question of the national rising in Spain see an article by J. B. Rye and R. A. Bence-Pembroke, of Oxford, in the Army Service Corps Quarterly, October, 1905.] The National Spirit -- The Spaniards and their Dynasty -- Murat's Fatal Blunder -- Louis Napoleon and the Spanish Throne -- Napoleon's Subterfuge -- A Trap for Charles and Ferdinand -- The Course of Savary -- Napoleon and Ferdinand -- Dethronement of the Spanish Bourbons -- Quarrels of Father and Son -- The Madrid Massacre -- Ferdinand a Prisoner -- Napoleon's Idea of Legitimacy -- The Spanish Cortes at Bayonne -- Joseph, King of Spain -- The Spanish People -- Agitations in Madrid -- Uprising of Spain. If there be a time when the turn of Napoleon's fortunes is evident, it is the spring of 1808. Between the determination to complete his system of commercial warfare in western Europe and the contempt which he entertained for the Spanish throne, he appears to have
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