imperfect and sometimes wholly interrupted; where large
tracts of territory are in the possession of tribes
unsubdued or in a state of imperfect subjection; where even
among the more civilized Indians the rights of property are
rudely defied, and civil authority imperfectly maintained;
where smuggling, though it may be attended with some risk,
is scarcely deemed by any body an offense, and the very
highest functionaries themselves smoke and offer to their
guests contraband cigars on account of their superior
quality,--it may well be supposed that lax laws, lax morals
and lax practices, harmonize with each other, and that such
a state of things as exists in the Philippines must be the
necessary, the inevitable result.

"I am informed by the alcalde mayor of Cayayan that he sent
in 1858 to Manilla from that province tobacco for no less a
value than 2,000,000 dollars. The quality is the best of the
Philippines; it is all forwarded in leaf to the capital. The
tobacco used by the natives is not subject to the _estanco_,
and on my inquiring as to the cost of a cigar in Cagayan,
the answer was 'Casinada' (Almost nothing). They are not so
well rolled as those of the government, but undoubtedly the
raw material is of the very best."

In Sumatra some of the finest tobacco in the world is produced which
has an established reputation in European markets.

In Africa tobacco is grown to some extent in Egypt, Algiers and
Tripoli as well as by the natives of Central and South, Western
Africa. The French have paid particular attention to its culture in
Algiers and have succeeded in producing tobacco of good flavor and
texture. In Australia the plant does remarkably well and promises to
become as celebrated as that of other portions or islands of the East
India Archipelago.

It readily appears from the extensive cultivation of tobacco that it
can hardly fail of becoming an important article of commerce. The
Spaniards and Portuguese found it to be an important source of
revenue, and from South America and the West Indies exported large
quantities to Europe. As soon as it began to be cultivated in Virginia
its commercial value began to be apparent and attracted many
navigators who came thither to barter for tobacco and furs, and other
articles of inferior value. Most of the tobacco exported from the
United States is shipped to