fic name
proposed by Sowerby and used by Persoon. Some very recent juggler, I
have forgotten who, dug up the old name setosa, which I adopt as being
less cumbersome. Occasionally these jugglers do propose some improvement
in names, and I believe in encouraging them, when their wonderful date
dictionary discoveries are really better names. Saccardo gives the
following synonyms: Sphaeria hippotrichoides, Ceratonema
hippotrichoides, Hypoxylon loculiferum, Rhizomorpha tuberculosa,
Cryptothamnium usneaeforme, Rhizomorpha setiformis, Chaenocarpus
setosus, Chaenocarpus Simonini. The date expert must have had quite a
job.

Xylaria adnata as described by Fuckel (Rhizomorpha adnata), and
unknown to me, is evidently very similar to the preceding plant,
but grows closely adnate to rotten beech wood.

Xylaria fragilis (Rhizomorpha fragilis) is imperfectly known
from old records in Europe. It is probably same as above.

Xylaria hispidissima (Rhizomorpha hispidissima) from East Indies
is known only from old description. It is an evident Xylaria and
seems to be same as recently collected, adventitious in a hot
house in Hungary, and distributed as Xylaria hungarica.

Xylaria annulata, described in 1820 from West Indies as
Thamnomyces annulatus and unknown otherwise, reads like
Thamnomyces chardalis, but the branches of the latter are not
known to be "annulated under a lens."

[Illustration: #Fig. 854.#]

XYLARIA ANNULIPES, described and figured by Montagne as Thamnomyces
annulipes from Brazil, is same as since named Xylaria marasmoides (Fig.
854) by Berkeley. Berkeley does not mention the rings on the stem as
shown so plainly in Montagne's enlarged figure, nor can I note them with
a lens on my photograph of Berkeley's or Montagne's types. Spegazzini
refers marasmoides as a synonym for annulipes, no doubt correctly.
Theissen refers it as a synonym for Xylaria aristata, an evident error.
Xylaria vermiculus, recently published from Brazil by Sydow, as
"Saccardo n. sp. in litt.," is, both from description and photograph,
evidently the same as Xylaria annulipes.

[Illustration: #Fig. 855.#]

XYLARIA MELANURA (Fig. 855), West Indies, described as Chaenocarpus
melanurus and compiled in Saccardo in section Thamnomyces, is evidently
same as Xylaria gracillima in sense of Berkeley and Montagne, but not I
believe as to Fries. We present a photograph made from Leveille's
cotype.