e period, 3 lbs. 7 ozs. of
urine, and 38 lbs. 2 ozs. of solid excrements.

The solid excrements contained 23-1/2 lbs. of water, and the urine 2
lbs. 6 ozs. of water.

According to this, a horse, eating 20 lbs. of hay, and 6 lbs. of oats,
per day, voids in a year nearly seven tons of solid excrements, and
1,255 lbs. of urine.

It would seem that there must have been some mistake in collecting the
urine, or what was probably the case, that some of it must have been
absorbed by the dung; for 3-1/2 pints of urine per day is certainly much
less than is usually voided by a horse.

Stockard gives the amount of urine voided by a horse in a year at 3,000
lbs.; a cow, 8,000 lbs.; sheep, 380 lbs.; pig, 1,200 lbs.

Dr. Voelcker, at the Royal Agricultural College, at Cirencester,
England, made some valuable investigations in regard to the composition
of farm-yard manure, and the changes which take place during
fermentation.

The manure was composed of horse, cow, and pig-dung, mixed with the
straw used for bedding in the stalls, pig-pens, sheds, etc.

On the 3d of November, 1854, a sample of what Dr. Voelcker calls "Fresh
Long Dung," was taken from the "manure-pit" for analysis. It had lain in
the pit or heap about 14 days.

The following is the result of the analysis:

Fresh Farm-Yard Manure.
Half A Ton, Or 1,000 Lbs.

Water 661.7 lbs.
Organic matter 282.4 "
Ash 55.9 "
-------------
1,000.0 lbs.
Nitrogen 6.43 "

"Before you go any farther," said the Deacon, "let me understand what
these figures mean? Do you mean that a ton of manure contains only
12-3/4 lbs. of nitrogen, and 111 lbs. of ash, and that all the rest is
carbonaceous matter and water, of little or no value?" --"That is it
precisely, Deacon," said I, "and furthermore, a large part of the ash
has very little fertilizing value, as seen from the following:

Detailed Composition of the Ash of Fresh Barn-Yard Manure.

Soluble silica 21.59
Insoluble silicious matter (sand) 10.04
Phosphate of lime 5.35
Oxide of iron, alumina, with phosphate 8.47
Containing phosphoric acid 3.18
Lime 21.31
Magnesia 2.76
Potash 12.04
So