reestablished; and marriage was declared to be incompatible with any
spiritual office. It has been asserted by some writers, that three
fourths of the clergy were at this time deprived of their livings;
though other historians, more accurate,[**] have estimated the number
of sufferers to be far short of this proportion. A visitation was
appointed, in order to restore more perfectly the mass and the ancient
rites. Among other articles, the commissioners were enjoined to forbid
the oath of supremacy to be taken by the clergy on their receiving any
benefice.[***] It is to be observed, that this oath had been established
by the laws of Henry VIII., which were still in force.

* Mem. Cranm. p. 354. Heylin, p. 50.

** Harmer, p. 138.

*** Collier, vol. ii. p. 364. Fox, vol. iii. p. 38. Heylin,
p. 35. Sleiden, lib. xxv.

This violent and sudden change of religion inspired the Protestants with
great discontent; and even affected indifferent spectators with concern,
by the hardships to which so many individuals were on that account
exposed. But the Spanish match was a point of more general concern, and
diffused universal apprehension for the liberty and independence of the
nation. To obviate all clamor, the articles of marriage were drawn as
favorable as possible for the interests and security, and even grandeur
of England. It was agreed, that though Philip should have the title
of king, the administration should be entirely in the queen; that no
foreigner should be capable of enjoying any office in the kingdom;
that no innovation should be made in the English laws, customs, and
privileges; that Philip should not carry the queen abroad without her
consent, nor any of her children without the consent of the nobility;
that sixty thousand pounds a year should be settled as her jointure;
that the male issue of this marriage should inherit, together with
England, both Burgundy and the Low Countries; and that if Don Carlos,
Philip's son by his former marriage, should die, and his line be
extinct, the queen's issue, whether male or female, should inherit
Spain, Sicily, Milan, and all the other dominions of Philip.[*] Such
was the treaty of marriage signed by Count Egmont and three other
ambassadors, sent over to England by the emperor.[**]

These articles, when published, gave no satisfaction to the nation. It
was universally said, that the emperor, in order to get possession of
England, would verbally agree t