e queen erected it anew by letters patent,
and replaced Tonstal in his regalities as well as in his revenue.
On pretence of discouraging controversy, she silenced, by an act of
prerogative, all the preachers throughout England, except such as should
obtain a particular license; and it was easy to foresee, that none but
Catholics would be favored with this privilege. Holgate, archbishop
of York, Coverdale, bishop of Exeter, Ridley of London, and Hooper of
Glocester, were thrown into prison; whither old Latimer also was sent
soon after. The zealous bishops and priests were encouraged in their
forwardness to revive the mass, though contrary to the present laws.
Judge Hales, who had discovered such constancy in defending the queen's
title, lost all his merit by an opposition to those illegal practices;
and being committed to custody, was treated with such severity, that he
fell into frenzy, and killed himself. The men of Suffolk were browbeaten
because they presumed to plead the promise which the queen, when they
enlisted themselves in her service, had given them of maintaining the
reformed religion: one in particular was set in the pillory, because he
had been too peremptory in recalling to her memory the engagements which
she had taken on that occasion. And though the queen still promised in
a public declaration before the council, to tolerate those who differed
from her; men foresaw that this engagement, like the former, would prove
but a feeble security when set in opposition to religious prejudices.

The merits of Cranmer towards the queen during the reign of Henry had
been considerable; and he had successfully employed his good offices
in mitigating the severe prejudices which that monarch had entertained
against her. But the active part which he had borne in promoting her
mother's divorce, as well as in conducting the reformation, had made him
the object of her hatred; and though Gardiner had been equally forward
in soliciting and defending the divorce, he had afterwards made
sufficient atonement, by his sufferings in defence of the Catholic
cause. The primate, therefore, had reason to expect little favor during
the present reign; but it was by his own indiscreet zeal, that he
brought on himself the first violence and persecution. A report being
spread that Cranmer, in order to pay court to the queen, had promised
to officiate in the Latin service, the archbishop, to wipe off this
aspersion, published a manifesto in h