lence, the medical man's assistance may be called. The
sex of the skeleton, if that only be found, may be judged from the bones
of the female generally being smaller and more slender than those of the
male, by the female thorax being deeper, the costal cartilages longer,
the ilia more expanded, the sacrum flatter and broader, the coccyx
movable and turned back, the tuberosities of the ischia wider apart, the
pubes shallow, and the whole pelvis shallower and with larger outlets.
But of all these signs the only one of any real value is the roundness
of the pubic arch in the female, as compared with the pointed arch in
the male. Before puberty the sex cannot be determined from an
examination of the bones.

Age may be calculated from the presence, nature and number of the
erupted teeth; from the cartilages of the ribs, which gradually ossify
as age advances; from the angle formed by the ramus of the lower jaw
with its body (obtuse in infancy, a right angle in the adult, and again
obtuse in the aged from loss of the teeth); and in the young from the
condition of the epiphyses with regard to their attachment to their
respective shafts.

To determine stature, the whole skeleton should be laid out and
measured, 1-1/2 to 2 inches being allowed for the soft parts.

IV.--EXAMINATION OF PERSONS FOUND DEAD

When a medical man is called to a case of sudden death, he should
carefully note anything likely to throw any light on the cause of death.
He should notice the place where the body was found, the position and
attitude of the body, the soil or surface on which the body lies, the
position of surrounding objects, and the condition of the clothes. He
should also notice if there are any signs of a struggle having taken
place, if the hands are clenched, if the face is distorted, if there has
been foaming at the mouth, and if urine or faeces have been passed
involuntarily. Urine may be drawn off with a catheter and tested for
albumin and sugar.

If required to make a post-mortem examination, every cavity and
important organ of the body must be carefully and minutely examined, the
seat of injury being inspected first.

V.--MODES OF SUDDEN DEATH

There are three modes in which death may occur: (1) Syncope; (2)
asphyxia; (3) coma.

1. =Syncope= is death beginning at the heart--in other words, failure of
circulation. It may arise from--(1) _Anaemia_, or deficiency of blood due
to haemorrhage, such as occurs in inju