e x, or XXX.

This was suggested by Owen's _Epigram_, lib. xii. 34.:

"Laudatur vinum _simplex_, cervisia _duplex_,
Est bona duplicitas, optima simplicitas."

B. H. C.

_A Crow-bar._--In Johnson's _Dictionary_ the explanation given of this word
is "piece of iron used as a lever to force open doors, as the Latins called
a hook _corvus_." In Walters' _English and Welsh Dictionary_, the first
part of which was published about the year 1770, this word is printed
"_Croe_-bar." Is it probable that the word _crow_ has been derived front
the Camb.-Brit. word _cro_, a curve? and that the name has been given from
the circumstance of one end of a crow-bar being curved for the purpose of
making it more efficient as lever?

N. W. S.

* * * * *

{440}

Minor Queries.

_Bishop Grehan._--I want any information obtainable with reference to a
Roman Catholic bishop in Ireland named Grehan; his Christian name, family,
date of his bishopric, and name of it. Where can I find such particulars?

O. L. R. G.

_Doxology._--In his "Christmas Caroll" to the tune of "King Solomon," old
Tusser has the following:

"To God the Son and Holy Ghost,
Let man give thanks, rejoice, and sing,
From world to world, from coast to coast,
For all good gifts so many ways,
That God doth send.
Let us in Christ give God the praise,
Till life shall end!"

Query, Is this the origin of our own doxologies?

L. A. M.

Great Yarmouth.

_Arrow-mark._--On an ancient pump of wood, extracted from the Poltimore
mine in North Devon, I perceive a deeply cut arrow-mark. What is the
inference as to the age of this relic from the mark referred to? The
fragment is that of a large oak tree hollowed out, and now decomposing from
exposure after its long burial.

J. R. P.

_Gabriel Poyntz._--There is a portrait here inscribed "Gabriel Poyntz, an.
Domini 1568, aetatis suae 36:" and having a coat of arms painted on it, Barry
of eight, or and gules, with a crest very indistinct; but apparently a
lion's head, and the motto "Clainte refrainte."

Can any of your correspondents inform me of the meaning of this motto, and
the language in which it is expressed; and also what the crest is?

G. Poyntz was of South Okendon in Essex, and there is an account of his
family in Morant's _Essex_; from which it appears that he was descended
from the family of Poyntz of Tockington in _Gloucestershire_, of which
the