re the remedies, as well as
(although this is far less important) the way to treat tree wounds and
the correct methods of pruning.

FOREST ECONOMICS:

Forest Economics is a large subject. It deals with the productive value
of forests to their owners, and with the larger question of their place
in the economy of the Nation. It considers their use as conservers of
the soil and the streams; their effect on climate, locally, as in the
case of windbreakers, and on a larger scale; and their contribution to
the public welfare as recreation grounds and game refuges. It includes a
knowledge of wastes from which the forests suffer, and the consequent
loss to industry and to the public, and in this it does not omit the
effects of forest fires. Statistics of forest consumption; the relation
of the forest to railroads, mines, and other wood-using industries; its
effect upon agriculture, stock raising, and manufacturing industries;
and its effect upon the use of the streams for navigation, power,
irrigation, and domestic water supply; all these are important. The
student should consider also the forest resources of the United States,
their present condition, and the needs they must be fitted to supply.

FOREST ENGINEERING:

Forest engineering is steadily becoming more and more necessary to the
Forester. He must have a working knowledge of the use of surveying
instruments; the making of topographic surveys; the office work required
of an engineer; the making of topographic maps; the location of trails,
roads, and railroads; and the construction of bridges, telephone lines,
cabins, and fences, together with logging railroads, slides, dams, and
flumes.

FOREST MENSURATION:

[Illustration: FOREST SERVICE MEN MAKING FRESH MEASUREMENTS IN THE
MISSOURI SWAMPS]

Forest mensuration, the art of measuring the contents and growth of
trees and forest stands, is of fundamental importance. The principles
and methods of timber estimating, the actual measurement of standing
timber, log rules, the making of stem analyses to show the increase of a
tree in diameter, height, and volume, the construction of tables of
current and mean annual growth per acre and per tree, and the methods of
using the information thus formulated,--all these are necessarily of
keen interest to the man who later on will have to apply his knowledge
in the practical management of woods.

FOREST MANAGEMENT:

Forest management is concerned with the principles i