tural sections increases, there will be less
tendency to be on the lookout for a profitable sale and the farm
business will become more permanent because of the large effort and
capital expended in the enterprise and the consequent attachment of the
owner. A man with a considerable investment does not care to move
frequently. Thus higher land values--inevitable with an increasing
population--will favor a more permanent type of farming, conducted on
scientific and business principles, of what Dr. Wilson calls the
"husbandman" type. This type of farmer not only desires but requires
better institutions of all sorts, which can only be maintained at a
community center. Thus permanency of ownership of farm operators
conduces to community development.

Unfortunately, however, the rise of values of the best land seems to
encourage tenancy rather than ownership, for tenancy is greatest and
increases most on the best farm lands. The general economic aspects and
the ultimate solution of the tenancy problem are national rather than
local problems. The effect of tenancy as it now exists, with a frequent
shifting from one community to another, is, however, a very serious
community problem, for all observers agree that the maintenance of a
satisfactory standard of community life is much more difficult where
tenancy predominates.

One important economic aspect of tenancy is that tenants, who are
frequently moving, will less readily and effectively affiliate in
cooperative enterprises, and we shall see that cooperative organizations
have a large influence in promoting the solidarity of the rural
community. This has been well brought out by one of our best students
of the tenancy problem, Dr. C. L. Stewart, who says:

"Farming efficiency in the future, however, will probably
consist to a greater extent in the ability to increase net
profits through cooperative dealing with the market. The
efficiency test must, therefore, rule more strongly against
operators of the tenures, whose characteristics are opposed
to successful cooperative effort on their part.

"That tenants," he continues, "changing from farm to farm at
more or less short intervals, should generally be more
active and successful than owners in building up cooperative
organizations is hardly in the line of reason.... If in the
future, cooperation assumes forms requiring greater
permanency of membership