ints recommended for the treatment of Colles'
fracture, such as Carr's, Gordon's, the "pistol splint," and many
others, are all designed to correct the deformity as well as to
control the fragments. It has already been pointed out that if
reduction is complete there is no deformity to correct, and if it is
not complete the deformity cannot be corrected by any form of splint.

_Unreduced Colles' Fracture._--When union has been allowed to take
place without the displacement having been reduced, an unsightly
deformity results. In young subjects whose occupation is likely to be
interfered with, and in women for aesthetic reasons, the fracture is
reproduced and the displacement of the lower fragment corrected. This
is conveniently done by means of Jones' wrench, which grasps the
distal fragment and affords sufficient leverage to break the bone.

#Chauffeur's Fracture.#--A fracture of the lower end of the radius
frequently occurs from the recoil of the crank, "by back firing," in
starting the engine of a motor-car. The injury may be produced either
by direct violence, the handle as it recoils striking the forearm, or
by indirect violence, from forcible hyper-extension of the hand while
grasping the handle. The fracture may pass transversely through the
lower end of the radius, as in Colles' fracture, but is more often met
with two or three inches above the wrist (Fig. 46). It is treated on
the same lines as Colles' fracture.

[Illustration: FIG. 46.--Radiogram of Chauffeur's Fracture.]

A fracture of the lower end of the radius _with forward displacement
of the carpal fragment_, was first described by R. W. Smith of Dublin
(_Colles' fracture reversed_, or #Smith's fracture#) (Fig. 47). It is
nearly always due to forcible flexion, as from a fall on the back of
the hand. Like Colles' fracture, it may be transverse or slightly
oblique, impacted, or comminuted. The deformity is characterised by an
elevation on the dorsum running obliquely upwards from the ulnar to
the radial side of the wrist, and caused by the head of the ulna,
which remains in position, and the distal end of the proximal
fragment. Below this, over the position of the distal radial fragment,
is a gradual slope downwards on to the dorsum of the hand. Anteriorly
there is a prominence in the flexure of the wrist, and the distal
fragment may be felt under the flexor tendons. The hand deviates to
the radial side, and thereby still further increases the prominence