nts were realising more convenience from it than
they ever anticipated; and that since it had commenced business, the
profits were reported to have been immense.

In 1816, a settlement of emigrants was begun, under the direction of
the military, in Bathurst, Drummond, Beckwith and Golbourne. The first
settlers of Canada had a free passage afforded them from the United
Kingdom, and were provided with rations and tools on their arrival in
the colony. In 1816, rations and tools were furnished to 2,000
emigrants, who came out at their own expense, and in 1817 multitudes
came out in the expectation of being favored in the same way, but were
disappointed, nothing having been given to them but 100 acres of land
each, which many of them were too poor to occupy.[30] There were not
yet seven persons to the square mile, in the Upper Province. There were
only twenty places of worship and thirty-five resident preachers:--fifteen
methodists, five baptists, four quakers, three presbyterians, three
Roman Catholics, three episcopalians, one tunker and one menonist--in
the Western, London, Gore, and Niagara districts, with a population of
26,977 souls; and there were for the same population, 20 medical
practitioners, 132 schools, 114 taverns, 130 stores, 79 grist-mills,
and 116 saw-mills. The Home district contained 7,700 people; the
Newcastle, 5,000; the Midland, 14,853; the Johnstown, 9,200; the
Eastern, 12,700; and the Ottawa, 1,500; the total population of Upper
Canada being then estimated at 83,250 souls. York, the capital of the
Upper Province, situated on a beautiful plain, in a rich soil, and
temperate climate, was, at this period, more than a mile and a half in
length. It was laid out in regular streets, lots, and squares, having
the garrison, and the site of the parliament house on its two wings,
and a market near the centre. There was a public square open to the
water. Many neat and some elegant houses had been erected. The town had
a mixed appearance of city and country. Kingston was yet the town of
most note and indeed, in every respect, the most entitled to civic
consideration of any town then in the province. Parallel with its
spacious and convenient harbour were the streets, at convenient
distances from each other, and intersected, at right angles, by cross
streets, dividing the town into squares. One square was an open public
area in front of the Court House, and gaol, and episcopal church. The
market was held in that ar