ing the more delicate ones, their fragility was so
great. A consciousness of vandalism, which smote me at the time,
haunts me still; for, though our requisitions were moderate, this
beauty ought not to be at all invaded. Pendent from the roof, in
their natural habitat, nothing can exceed their delicate beauty; they
_live_, as it were, surrounded by organic connections. In London they
are curious, but not beautiful. Of gathered shells Emerson writes:

I wiped away the weeds and foam,
And brought my sea-born treasures home
But the poor, unsightly, noisome things
Had left their beauty on the shore,
With the sun, and the sand, and the wild uproar.

The promontory of Gibraltar is so burrowed with caverns that it has
been called the Hill of Caves. They are apparently related to the
geologic disturbances which the rock has undergone. The earliest of
these is the tilting of the once horizontal strata. Suppose a force
of torsion to act upon the promontory at its southern extremity near
Europa Point, and suppose the rock to be of a partially yielding
character; such a force would twist the strata into screw-surfaces,
the greatest amount of twisting being endured near the point of
application of the force. Such a twisting the rock appears to have
suffered; but instead of the twist fading gradually and uniformly off,
in passing from south to north, the want of uniformity in the material
has produced lines of dislocation where there are abrupt changes in
the amount of twist. Thus, at the northern end of the rock the dip to
the west is nineteen degrees; in the Middle Hill, it is thirty-eight
degrees; in the centre of the South hill, or Sugar Loaf, it is
fifty-seven degrees. At the southern extremity of the Sugar Loaf
strata are vertical, while farther to the south they actually turn
over and dip to the east.

The rock is thus divided into three sections, separated from each
other by places of dislocation, where the strata are much wrenched and
broken. These are called the Northern and Southern Quebrada, from the
Spanish 'Tierra Quebrada,' or broken ground. It is at these places
that the inland caves of Gibraltar are almost exclusively found. Based
on the observations of Dr. Falconer and himself, an excellent and most
interesting account of these 'caves, and of the human remains and
works of art which they contain, was communicated by Mr. Busk to the
meeting of the Congress of Prehistoric Archaeology at N