pain. However, for five years he
maintained a guerrilla warfare, fighting with desperate bravery until he
was captured and sent to Spain, where I believe he also died in prison. So
far a great deal of blood had been shed, great destruction of property
effected, and Spain had been put to a vast expense, but the situation was
practically unaltered. A change was, however, at hand. Bolivar, a native
of Caracas, had been brought up in Europe, but, stirred by the news of the
struggle that his countrymen were maintaining, he went out in 1810 to join
Miranda in Venezuela. When the latter was defeated and taken prisoner
Bolivar crossed into New Granada, where an insurrection had broken out,
and his knowledge of European methods of warfare and discipline soon
placed him at the head of the movement there, and two years after his
arrival he was appointed Captain-general of New Granada and Venezuela.

"The title was an empty one, and in a very short time he was defeated and
forced to fly from the country by a formidable Spanish army, which was
sent out in 1815 to crush the rebellion. Bolivar fled to Jamaica, where he
remained but a few months. He organized a considerable force in Trinidad
in 1816, and landed again on the mainland. The cruelties perpetrated by
the conquering Spaniards upon the population, had stirred up so intense a
feeling of hatred against them that Bolivar was speedily joined by great
numbers of men. He gained success after success, swept the northern
provinces clear of the Spaniards, founded the republic of Colombia, of
which he was elected president, drove the tyrants out of New Granada, and
marching south freed the province of La Plata from the Spanish yoke. While
these events had been taking place in the northern and western provinces
the national movement had extended to Chili. Here in 1810 the people rose,
deposed the Spanish Captain-general Carrasco, and set up a native
government, of which the Count De La Conquista was at the head.

"The movement here was not so much against Spain, whose sovereignty was
still recognized, as against the Spanish governor, and to obtain a series
of reforms that would mitigate the tyranny that had been exercised.
Naturally, however, these reforms were obnoxious in the extreme to the
Spanish authorities, and in 1811 the Spanish troops attempted to overthrow
the new government. They were, however, unsuccessful; the revolution
triumphed, and the rule of Spain was formally thrown o