occupation of the house is mentioned in a
descriptive passage: "Durham House was a noble palace.... I well
remember his (Raleigh's) study, which was on a little turret that looked
into and over the Thames, and had the prospect which is, perhaps, as
pleasant as any in the world." When Raleigh was imprisoned the See of
Durham again obtained the house. The stables, facing the Strand, were
then in a very ruinous condition, and were pulled down. On their site
was built an exchange, called the New Exchange, which obtained some
popularity. This was erected partly on the pattern of the Royal
Exchange, and was opened by King James I. This, Strype tells us, "was
for milliners, sempstresses, and other trades that furnish dresses."

The place was opened in 1609 by James I. and the Queen; it was called
Britain's Burse. It became fashionable after the Restoration, and, after
a period of popularity lasting a little more than fifty years, it was
taken down. Here Anne Clarges, daughter of John Clarges, a farrier of
the Savoy, sold gloves, washballs, and powder. She married General
Monk, and died Duchess of Albemarle. Here Henry Herringman, publisher,
had his shop. The Restoration literature abounds in references to the
New Exchange. The shops were served by girls who spent a great part of
their time in flirting with the fops. The Duchess of Tyrconnell, sister
of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, is said to have kept a shop here for
her own maintenance, wearing a white mask which she never removed. The
lower walk was a notorious place for assignations. It was taken down in
1737. In 1768 the brothers Adam obtained the lease of the ground and
began to build. Robert Adam had been much struck in his foreign travels
with the palace of Diocletian on the Bay of Spalatro. The terrace facing
the sea had impressed his imagination, and the Adelphi Terrace is the
result of his adaptation of the idea. It was necessary to gain a solid
foundation on the slippery river-bank, therefore the brothers designed
the wonderful system of arches on which all the Adelphi precinct rests.
On building their terrace they had to encroach on the river, and form an
embankment, which was much resented by the Londoners. The centre house
in the terrace was taken by Garrick, who remained there until his death,
about seven years later. The arches were at first left open, but formed
a refuge for the vicious and destitute, who made a regular city of the
underground passages. They