XON, _History of the Church of England_.

[48] "There was something in the temper of these celebrated men which
secured them against the proverbial inconstancy both of the Court and of
individuals.... No Parliament attacked their influence. No mob coupled
their names with any odious grievance.... They were, one and all,
Protestants. But ... none of them chose to run the smallest personal risk
during the reign of Mary. No men observed more accurately the signs of the
times.... Their fidelity to the State was incorruptible. No intrigue, no
combination of rivals could deprive them of the confidence of their
Sovereign."--MACAULAY, _Burleigh, his Times._

[49] "The Tudor monarchs exercised freely their power of creating boroughs
by charter. They used their Parliaments, and had to find means of
controlling them. In the creation of 'pocket' or 'rotten' boroughs, Queen
Elizabeth was probably the worst offender. She had much influence in her
Duchy of Cornwall, and many of the Cornish boroughs which obtained such a
scandalous reputation in later times were created by her for the return of
those whom the lords of her council would consider 'safe' men."--ILBERT,
_Parliament._

[50] Elizabeth's popularity steadily diminished in her last years. The
death of Essex, ecclesiastical persecutions, increased taxation, and the
irritations caused by royal expenditure were all responsible for the
discontent. James I. failed from the first to secure the goodwill of the
people.

[51] Oxford men all three. Sir John Eliot was at Exeter College, 1607; John
Hampden at Magdalen, 1609; and John Pym at Broadgate Hall (later called
Pembroke), 1599.

[52] Clarendon, _History of the Great Rebellion_.

[53] "The same men who, six months before, were observed to be of very
moderate tempers, and to wish that gentle remedies might be applied, talked
now in another dialect both of Kings and persons; and said that they must
now be of another temper than they were the last Parliament."--CLARENDON,
_ibid._

[54] Macaulay, _Hallam's Constitutional History_.

[55] "The great rule of Cromwell was a series of failures to
reconcile the authority of the 'single person' with the authority of
Parliament."--ILBERT, _Parliament_.

[56] "A very large number of persons regarded the struggle with
indifference.... In one case, the inhabitants of an entire county pledged
themselves to remain neutral. Many quietly changed with the times (as
people changed with the va