gena bark. _C. cordifolia_. 9.
Fibrous ditto. Perhaps _C. cordifolia_. 10. Cuzco bark. _C. sp.?_
11. Orange bark of Santa Fe. _C. lancifolia_.

III. Red barks. 12. Bed bark of Santa Fe. _C. oblongifolia_.

The genus Exostemma yields various kinds of false cinchona bark, which
do not contain the cinchona alkalies. The following are some of the
kinds noticed by Pereira:--

1. St. Lucia or Piton bark. _Exostemma floribundum_.
2. Jamaica bark. _E. caribaeum_.
3. Pitaya bark. _E. sp?_
4. False Peruvian bark. _E. peruvianum_.
5. Brazilian bark. _E. souzianum_.

The mode adopted by the bark-peelers of obtaining cinchona varies
somewhat in different districts. The Indians (says Mr. Stevenson,
"Twenty Years' Residence in South America") discover from the
eminences where a cluster of trees grow in the woods, for they are
easily discernable by the rose-colored tinge of their leaves, which
appear at a distance like bunches of flowers amid the deep-green
foliage of other trees. They then hunt for the spot, and having found
it out, cut down all the trees, and take the bark from the branches,
and after they have stripped off the bark, they carry it in bundles
out of the wood, for the purpose of drying it. The peelers commence
their operation about May, when the dry season sets in. Some writers
state that the trees are barked without felling.

In a letter published in one of the Calcutta papers not long ago, from
the pen, I believe, of Mr. Piddington, he strongly urged the
introduction of the cinchona tree into British India:--

There is (he observes) one tree, the introduction and the copious
distribution of which within certain appropriate points of the
sub-Himalayan range, "would confer a greater blessing on the great
body of natives, than any effort the Government has made or can
make, and that is the cinchona bark tree.

Without any reference to the greater or less force of medical
theories as to the efficacy of cinchona bark, I now only take an
experienced and practical view, well knowing that the sufferings of
many millions of poor and rich natives, especially in the jungle
districts, are yearly very great, and the mortality quite enormous
from remittent and intermittent fevers, by far the greater part of
which would be immensely relieved, or wholly cured, by the free use
of cinchona bark.

If by abundance the price be once brought within th