qualities of the madder, which is done by sorting
the roots; but as only one quality is required for the western
market, Mr. Swift makes but one, and that is found superior to most
of the imported, and finds a ready sale.

Madder is produced in Middle Egypt to some extent, for the consumption
of the country, principally for dyeing the _tarbouche_ or skull caps
which are universally worn. Its culture was introduced in 1825. In
1833, 300 acres in Upper Egypt, and 500 in the Delta and the Kelyout,
were devoted to madder roots.

New South Wales is eminently suited to the culture of this valuable
root, and as the profits upon its cultivation are very large, I would
strongly recommend it to the attention of agriculturists there. The
article produces to France an annual sum of one million sterling; the
price of the finest quality in the English market being L60 per ton.
Its yield varies from L40 to L50 per acre, and the expenses upon its
proper culture should not exceed one-half that amount. The colonists
would find it to their interest to turn their attention to such
articles as this, for which there is an extensive demand at home,
instead of confining themselves exclusively to the commoner and
bulkier products, which they export at a much less profit, and which
when once the market is fully supplied, may fall to a price at which
they cannot afford to sell.

The following is a calculation of the expenses generally supposed to
attend a crop according to the mode of cultivation practised in
Vaucluse:--

Rent per hectare (21/2 English acres), 3 years, at L s. d.
165 francs 19 17 6
Manure, 440 francs L17 12 6
Carriage of ditto, 132 francs 3 5 10
--------- 22 18 4
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L42 15 10

These expenses may almost be dispensed with in our colonies, as the
soil at Vaucluse has long been exhausted.

Two and a-half acres require 170 lbs. seed, at 21/2d. per pound,
which, with the labor afterwards bestowed, including the
cost of spade trenching, will be 30 0 0
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