effect, just as a man may
preach hygiene without practising the privations which it entails, or
may save you from dyspepsia by pointing out to you what is indigestible
without himself abstaining from it.

Such was the case of Alexander VI, as we are justified in concluding
from the evidence that remains.

Let us consider the apostolic zeal revealed by his Bull granting America
to Spain. This was practically conceded--as the very terms of it will
show--on condition that Spain should employ the dominion accorded her
over the New World for the purpose of propagating the Christian
faith and the conversion and baptism of the heathen. This is strictly
enjoined, and emphasized by the command that Spain shall send out
God-fearing men who are learned in religion and capable of teaching it
to the people of the newly discovered lands.

Thus Alexander invented the missionary.

To King Manuel the Fortunate (of Portugal), who sought his authority for
the conquest of Africa, he similarly enjoined that he should contrive
that the name of the Saviour be adored there, and the Catholic faith
spread and honoured, to the end that the king "might win eternal life
and the blessing of the Holy See."

To the soldiers going upon this expedition his Holiness granted the same
indulgences as to those who fought in the Holy Land, and he aided the
kings of Spain and Portugal in this propagation of Christianity out of
the coffers of the Church.

He sent to America a dozen of the children of St. Francis, as apostles
to preach the Faith, and he invested them with the amplest powers.

He prosecuted with stern rigour the heretics of Bohemia, who were
obscenely insulting Church and Sacraments, and he proceeded similarly
against the "Picards" and "Vaudois." Against the Lombard demoniacs, who
had grown bold, were banding themselves together and doing great evil to
property, to life, and to religion, Alexander raised his mighty arm.

Then there is his Bull of June 1, 1501, against those who already were
turning to evil purposes the newly discovered printing-press. In this
he inveighed against the printing of matter prejudicial to healthy
doctrine, to good manners, and, above all, to the Catholic Faith or
anything that should give scandal to the faithful. He threatened the
printers of impious works with excommunication should they persist,
and enlisted secular weapons to punish them in a temporal as well as
a spiritual manner. He ordered the preparat