er or
the peasant paid 20 per cent, or more for advances or loans. With his
land registered under the Torrens system the bank will lend him money
at a normal rate of interest, with nothing wasted in lawyers' fees for
expensive investigations of all previous changes in title since the
beginning of time. Judge Charles B. Elliott, now Secretary of Commerce
and Police for the islands, was on the Minnesota Supreme Bench when
the Torrens plan was put into force there, and he is enthusiastic
about its workings both in his home state in America and in the
Philippines.

For the public health an especially fruitful work has been done by the
Americans, albeit the Filipino has often had much to say in criticism
of the methods of saving life, and but little in praise of the work
itself. "The hate of those ye better, the curse of those ye bless" may
usually be confidently counted on by those who bear the White Man's
Burden, and this seems to have been especially true with regard to
health work in the East. In the Philippines the farmers object to the
quarantine restrictions that would save their carabao from rinderpest;
they object to the regulations that look to stamping out cholera, and
I suppose the isolation and colonization of lepers, who formerly ran
at large, has also been unpopular. In spite of opposition, vaccination
is now general; pock-marked Filipinos will not be so common in future.

Nor is it likely that there will be many reports of cholera outbreaks
such as an ex-army nurse described to me a few days ago: "When I was
in Iloilo in 1902," she said, "it was impossible to dig graves for the
poor natives as fast as they died. The men were kept digging, at the
point of the bayonet, all night long--pits 100 feet long, 7 feet wide
and 7 feet deep, in which the bodies of the dead were thrown and
quick-limed--and yet I remember that on one occasion 235 corpses lay
for forty-eight hours before we could find graves for them."

In Manila statistics show that 44 per cent. of the deaths are {171} of
babies under one year old, and the ignorance of the mothers as to
proper methods of feeding and nursing has resulted in a shockingly
high death rate of little ones all over the Philippines. I noticed
that the new school text-book on sanitation and hygiene gives especial
attention to the care of infants, and it is said that already the
school boys and girls are often able to give their mothers helpful
counsel. In this fact we have anot