cutioner cut off
his head with two blows.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The following are the leading dates in Raleigh's life. He was born
about 1562 at Hayes, near Budleigh Salterton; he was at Oriel in 1572;
he was present at the battles of Jarnac and Montcontour in 1569; he may
have been in Paris during the massacre of St. Bartholomew in 1572; he
was in Islington in 1577; and fighting in the Low Countries in 1578. He
left England on a freebooting expedition the same year, and returned in
1579. He was about the Court on his return, and in 1580 went to Ireland,
where he massacred the Spanish prisoners taken at Smerwick. In 1581 he
returned to the Court, and attracted the Queen's notice, possibly by
laying down his cloak for her to walk over, according to the well-known
legend, for which Professor Laughton and Mr. Sidney Lee consider that
there may be a foundation in fact. He was knighted in 1584, and made
Warden of the Stannaries in 1585, and subsequently received many other
profitable grants. In 1584 he sent out the expedition which discovered
Virginia, and other expeditions to occupy it, but without success, in
1585 and 1587. In 1588 began his quarrel with Essex; he was in Ireland
in 1589, and returned to introduce Spenser to the Queen. In 1592 he
helped to fit out a powerful expedition, and against the Queen's orders
took it to sea himself; returning in a few months, after capturing the
_Madre de Dios_, containing a cargo estimated at the value of half a
million. He was committed to the Tower in July for having carried on an
intrigue with Elizabeth Throgmorton, and he retired to Sherborne in the
same year. In 1593 Raleigh and his friends Harriot and Marlowe incurred
the suspicion of the government as atheists, and an inquiry was held, of
which the results are not known. In February 1594-95 he started on his
first Guiana expedition, and returned in 1595 after sailing some way up
the Orinoco. He took part in the expedition to Cadiz in 1596. In July
1600 he was sent with Lord Cobham to congratulate Lord Grey on the
battle of Nieuport, and later in the year went as governor to Jersey. He
was present, as related in the text, at Essex's trial (see p. 70). The
immediate causes which led to his trial are stated above.

[2] Archduke Albert was a younger brother of the Emperor Rudolf II., and
had married Isabella, the eldest daughter of Philip II. of Spain, who
made over the sovereignty of the Netherlands to his daughter and
son-in-law