other, I can no more explain than why American
industrial progress is so amazingly swift and Canadian industrial
progress is so amazingly slow.

There is very little wish-washy coddling of the criminal in Canada.
While in the penitentiary he is cared for physically, mentally and
spiritually. When released, he is helped to start life afresh; but if he
keeps falling and falling, he is put where he will not propagate his
species and hurt others in his back-sliding.

"I regret," said a judge in a Winnipeg court, "to sentence such a
youthful offender." The prisoner was a young foreigner who attacked
another man viciously in a drunken brawl. "But foreigners must learn
that Canadian law can not be broken with impunity," and he sent the young
man to what was practically a life sentence.

"Hard on the poor devil," said a court attendant.

"Yes," retorted a westerner who lived in the foreign settlement, "but
it's an all-fired good thing for Canada."

The case of a judge in British Columbia is famous on the Pacific Coast.
It was in the old days of murder and robbery on the trail to the gold
diggings of Cariboo. In the face of the plainest evidence the jury had
refused to convict. The astounded judge turned amid tense silence in
fury on the prisoner.

"The jury pronounces the prisoner not guilty," he said, "and I strongly
recommend him to go out and cut their throats."

Reference has been made to an Imperial court official assassinated by an
angry Hindu conspirator in a Vancouver court room. The assassin was
sentenced to death nine days from the commission of the crime, and if any
newspaper had attempted to make a head-line affair out of it, or "to try
the jury" for trying the prisoner, the editors and owners of that paper
would have been sent to jail for contempt.

IV

The gradual rise of the two political parties dates from the adoption of
a high tariff by the Conservatives after confederation. Prior to 1837
Canadian parties consisted simply of the Outs and the Ins. The advanced
Radicals, who formed themselves into a party to oust the Family Compact,
called themselves Liberals. The entrenched oligarchy called themselves
Conservatives. After confederation, by force of circumstances, namely
the refusal of tariff concessions from the United States, the
Conservatives, who were in power, became the high tariff party. The
Liberals, when out of power, advocated tariff for revenue only. Also by
force of circumsta