3] Diego Vazquez de Mercado, later archbishop of Manila.--_Pablo
Pastells, S.J._

[44] Regarding this sharpening of the teeth, see Virchow's "Peopling of
the Philippines" (Mason's translation), in Smithsonian Institution's
_Annual Report_, 1899, pp. 523, 524. Jagor says--_Travels in the
Philippines_ (London, 1875), p. 256: "The further circumstance
that the inhabitants of the Ladrones and the Bisayans possess
the art of coloring their teeth black, seems to point to early
intercourse between the Bisayans and the Polynesians." The Jesuit
Delgado mentions--_Hist. de Filipinas_ (Manila, 1892), p. 328--the
custom of adorning the teeth with gold. Cf. Sawyer's _Inhabitants of
Philippines_, p. 342.

[45] In the margin (p. 9), are various references to
authors. "Book 7, chap. 2 and 56; and book 16, chap. 36,"
probably refers to the _Naturalis historia_ of the elder
Pliny. "Ludovic. Vartom. Nauigat. lib. 5. cap. 12," refers to book 5,
chap. 12 of the _Itinerario_ of Lodovico Barthema (Roma, 1510). Another
reference is to Thomas Malvenda's _De Antichristo_, book 3, chap. 12.

The word for "cane" here used is the Tagal name for several
species of the bamboo (_Bambus_), the largest and most useful being
_B. arundo_. Both this and the bejuco (_Calamus_) were commonly
mentioned under the general term _canas_ ("canes," or "reeds,"):
and not only the bejuco, but one species of bamboo (_B. mitis_)
yields clear water as a beverage for man's use. See Blanco's _Flora_,
pp. 187-189.

[46] A marginal note (p. 9) opposite this line cites "book 13,
chap. 11," presumably of the same work that is mentioned in the
preceding note.

[47] The palmo was a measure of length used in Spain and Italy,
varying from eight and one-third to ten and one-third inches.

[48] The first Franciscan religious arrived at Manila June 24,
1577. These were fathers Fray Pedro Alfaro, Fray Pedro de Jerez, Fray
Pablo de Jesus, Fray Juan de Plasencia, Fray Juan Bautista Pesaro,
Fray Alonso de Medina, Fray Sebastian de Baeza, Fray Francisco
Mariano, Fray Diego de Oropesa, Fray Agustin de Tordesillas, Fray
Antonio Barriales, and Fray Francisco Menor, and two choristers and
lay brothers.--_Pablo Pastells, S.J._

[49] Domingo de Salazar was born in Labastida (in Alavese Rioja) in
1512. He joined the Order of St. Dominic in 1546 at Salamanca; and at
forty years of age he went to Mexico. In 1579 he was appointed first
bishop of the Filipinas, and took possession of his