a fairly large proportion of "rape" cases the child is the
willing victim. "It is horribly pathetic," he says (_Medical
Record_, April 20, 1907), "to learn how far a nickel or a quarter
will go towards purchasing the virtue of these children."

In estimating the tendency of prostitutes to display congenital
physical anomalies, the crudest and most obvious test, though not
a precise or satisfactory one, is the general impression produced
by the face. In France, when nearly 1000 prostitutes were divided
into five groups from the point of view of their looks, only from
seven to fourteen per cent, were found to belong to the first
group, or that of those who could be said to possess youth and
beauty (Jeannel, _De la Prostitution Publique_, 1860, p. 168).
Woods Hutchinson, again, judging from an extensive acquaintance
with London, Paris, Vienna, New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago,
asserts that a handsome or even attractive-looking prostitute, is
rare, and that the general average of beauty is lower than in any
other class of women. "Whatever other evils," he remarks, "the
fatal power of beauty may be responsible for, it has nothing to
do with prostitution" (Woods Hutchinson, "The Economics of
Prostitution," _American Gynaecological and Obstetric Journal_,
September, 1895). It must, of course, be borne in mind that these
estimates are liable to be vitiated through being based chiefly
on the inspection of women who most obviously belong to the class
of prostitutes and have already been coarsened by their
profession.

If we may conclude--and the fact is probably undisputed--that
beautiful, agreeable, and harmoniously formed faces are rare
rather than common among prostitutes, we may certainly say that
minute examination will reveal a large number of physical
abnormalities. One of the earliest important physical
investigations of prostitutes was that of Dr. Pauline Tarnowsky
in Russia (first published in the _Vratch_ in 1887, and
afterwards as _Etudes anthropometriques sur les Prostituees et
les Voleuses_). She examined fifty St. Petersburg prostitutes who
had been inmates of a brothel for not less than two years, and
also fifty peasant women of, so far as possible, the same age and
mental development. She found that (1) the prostitute showed
shorter anterior-posterior and tra