e Russia, a girl who has sexual
intercourse outside marriage is really 'lost' and 'dishonored'"
(cf. _Sexual-Probleme_, Aug., 1908, p. 506).

It would appear that freedom of sexual relationships in
Russia--apart from the influence of ancient custom--has largely
been rendered necessary by the difficulty of divorce. Married
couples, who were unable to secure divorce, separated and found
new partners without legal marriage. In 1907, however, an attempt
was made to remedy this defect in the law; a liberal divorce law
has been introduced, mutual consent with separation for a period
of over a year being recognized as adequate ground for divorce
(Beiblatt to _Geschlecht und Gesellschaft_, Bd. ii, Heft 5, p.
145).

During recent years there has developed among educated young men
and women in Russia a movement of sexual license, which, though
it is doubtless supported by the old traditions of sexual
freedom, must by no means be confused with that freedom, since it
is directly due to causes of an entirely different order. The
strenuous revolutionary efforts made during the last years of the
past century to attain political freedom absorbed the younger and
more energetic section of the educated classes, involved a high
degree of mental tension, and were accompanied by a tendency to
asceticism. The prospect of death was constantly before their
eyes, and any pre-occupation with sexual matters would have been
felt as out of harmony with the spirit of revolution. But during
the present century revolutionary activity has largely ceased. It
has been, to a considerable extent, replaced by a movement of
interest in sexual problems and of indulgence in sexual
unrestraint, often taking on a somewhat licentious and sensual
character. "Free love" unions have been formed by the students of
both sexes for the cultivation of these tendencies. A novel,
Artzibascheff's _Ssanin_, has had great influence in promoting
these tendencies. It is not likely that this movement, in its
more extravagant forms, will be of long duration. (For some
account of this movement, see, e.g., Werner Daya, "Die Sexuelle
Bewegung in Russland," _Zeitschrift fuer Sexualwissenschaft_,
Aug., 1908; also, "Les Associations Erotiques en Russe," _Journal
du Droit International Prive_, Jan., 1909, fully summarized in
_Revue des