saw himself compelled to place 20,000 troops, the poor relics of
his army, at the disposal of the common oppressor.

Austria was bound by treaty to assist Napoleon with 30,000 men, whenever
he chose to demand them; but this same treaty included Buonaparte's
guarantee of Austria's Polish provinces. Could he have got rid of this
pledge, he distinctly perceived the advantages which he might derive
from the enthusiasm of the Poles; to proclaim their independence would
have been, he well knew, to array a whole gallant nation under his
banners; and of such objections to their independence as might be
started by his own creature, the Grand Duke of Warsaw, he made little
account. But Austria would not consent to give up his guarantee of
Galicia, unless he consented to yield back the Illyrian territory which
she had lost at Schoenbrunn; and this was a condition to which Napoleon
would not for a moment listen. He would take whatever he could gain by
force or by art; but he would sacrifice nothing. The evil consequences
of this piece of obstinacy were twofold. Austria remained an ally
indeed, but at best a cold one; and the opportunity of placing the whole
of Poland in insurrection, between him and the Czar, was for ever lost.

But if Napoleon, in the fulness of his presumption, thus neglected or
scorned the timely conciliation of foreign powers-some of whom he might
have arrayed heartily on his side, and others at least retained
neutral-he certainly omitted nothing as to the preparation of the
military forces of his own empire. Before yet all hopes of an
accommodation with St. Petersburg where at an end, he demanded and
obtained two new conscriptions in France; and moreover established a law
by which he was enabled to call out 100,000 men at a time, of those whom
the conscriptions had spared, for service _at home_. This limitation of
their service he soon disregarded; and in effect the new system-that of
_the Ban_, as he affected to call it-became a mere extension of the old
scheme. The amount of the _French_ army at the period in question
(exclusive of _the Ban_) is calculated at 850,000 men; the army of the
kingdom of Italy mustered 50,000; that of Naples, 30,000; that of the
Grand Duchy of Warsaw, 60,000; the Bavarian, 40,000; the Westphalian,
30,000; the Saxon, 30,000; Wirtemberg, 15,000; Baden, 9,000; and the
minor powers of the Rhenish League, 23,000. Of these armies Napoleon had
the entire control. In addition, Austria wa