now, however, impossible to recede;
the Pope was ordered to be conveyed across the Alps to Grenoble. But his
reception there was more reverential than Napoleon had anticipated, and
he was soon reconducted to Savona.

This business would, in any other period, have been sufficient to set
all Catholic Europe in a flame; and even now Buonaparte well knew that
his conduct could not fail to nourish and support the feelings arrayed
against him openly in Spain and in Southern Germany, and suppressed, not
extinguished, in the breasts of a great party of the French clergy at
home. He made, therefore, many efforts to procure from the Pope some
formal relinquishment of his temporal claims--but Pius VII. remained
unshaken; and the negotiation at length terminated in the removal of His
Holiness to Fontainebleau, where he continued a prisoner, though treated
personally with respect, and even magnificence, during more than three
years:--until, in the general darkening of his own fortunes, the
imperial jailer was compelled to adopt another line of conduct.

The treaty with Austria was at last signed at Schoenbrunn on the 14th of
October. The Emperor Francis purchased peace by the cession of Salzburg,
and a part of Upper Austria, to the Confederation of the Rhine; of part
of Bohemia to the King of Saxony, and of Cracow and western Galicia to
the same Prince, as Grand Duke of Warsaw; of part of eastern Galicia to
the Czar; and to France herself, of Trieste, Carniola, Fruili, Villach,
and some part of Croatia and Dalmatia. By this act, Austria gave up in
all territory to the amount of 45,000 square miles, with a population of
nearly four millions; and Napoleon, besides gratifying his vassals and
allies, had completed the connection of the kingdom of Italy with his
Illyrian possessions, obtained the whole coasts of the Adriatic, and
deprived Austria of her last seaport. Yet, when compared with the signal
triumphs of the campaign of Wagram, the terms on which the conqueror
signed the peace were universally looked upon as remarkable for
moderation; and he claimed merit with the Emperor of Russia on the score
of having spared Austria in deference to his personal intercession.

Buonaparte quitted Vienna on the 16th of October; was congratulated by
the public bodies of Paris, on the 14th of November, as "the greatest of
heroes, who never achieved victories but for the happiness of the
world"; and soon after, by one of the most extraordinary st