ecognised the union of the Batavian Republic with the French;--and
acknowledged the Cisalpine and Ligurian Commonwealths; both virtually
provinces of the great empire, over which the authority of the First
Consul seemed now to be permanently established.

[Footnote 33: When he wrote from Clagenfurt to the Archduke Charles.]

[Footnote 34: Byron's "Manfred."]

[Footnote 35: The worthy Hospitallers of St. Bernard have stationed
themselves on that wild eminence, for the purpose of alleviating the
misery of travellers lost or bewildered amidst the neighbouring defiles.
They entertain a pack of dogs, of extraordinary sagacity, who roam over
the hills night and day, and frequently drag to light and safety
pilgrims who have been buried in the snow.]

[Footnote 36: The following anecdote is given by _Dumas_:--"On one of
these occasions, when a desperate attack was led on by Soult, there
occurred a circumstance as honourable as it was characteristic of the
spirit which animated the French. The soldiers of two regiments or
demi-brigades, of the army of Italy, namely, the 25th Light, and the
24th of the Line, had sworn eternal enmity against one another, because
that, previous to the opening of the campaign, when desertion and all
the evils of insubordination prevailed in that army, disorganised by
suffering, the former, in which discipline had been maintained, was
employed to disarm the latter. The utmost care had been taken to keep
them separate; but it so happened that these two corps found themselves
one day made rivals as it were in valour, the one before the eyes of the
other. The same dangers, the same thirst of glory, the same eagerness to
maintain themselves, at once renewed in all hearts generous sentiments;
the soldiers became instantly intermingled; they embraced in the midst
of the fire, and one half of the one corps passing into the ranks of the
other, they renewed the combat, after the exchange, with double
ardour."]

[Footnote 37: Sept. 5, 1800.]

[Footnote 38: The man took the noise for that of a salute.]

[Footnote 39: "Napoleon dropped the _u_ in his surname _after_ his first
campaign in Italy."--_Bourienne_.]

[Footnote 40: The poet Campbell has vividly painted the opening of the
great battle which followed.

"On Linden, when the sun was low,
All bloodless lay the untrodden snow,
And dark as winter was the flow
Of Iser rolling rapidly:

But Linden saw another sight
When t