ed by sound judgment. Ready at all times,
to resist and punish the aggression of the Indians, they were
scrupulously careful not to provoke them by acts of wanton
outrage, such as were then, too frequently committed along the
frontier. Col. Ebenezer Zane had been among the first, to
explore the country from the South Branch, through the
Alleghany glades, and west of them. He was accompanied in that
excursion by Isaac Williams, two gentlemen of the name of
Robinson and some others; but setting off rather late in the
season, and the weather being very severe, they were compelled
to return, without having penetrated to the Ohio river. On
their way home, such was the extremity of cold, that one of the
Robinsons died of its effects. Williams was much frost bitten,
and the whole party suffered exceedingly. To the bravery and
good conduct of those three brothers, the Wheeling settlement
was mainly indebted for its security and preservation, during
the war of the revolution.

[8] Joseph Tomlinson surveyed a claim at the mouth of Grave
Creek, about 1770, but did not settle there until 1772. His
cabin was the nucleus of the present Moundsville, W.
Va.--R. G. T.

[9] John Doddridge settled in Washington county, Pa., on the
Ohio River a few miles east of the Pennsylvania-Virginia state
line, in 1773; his son, Joseph Doddridge, was the author of
_Notes on the Settlements and Indian Wars of the Western Parts
of Virginia and Pennsylvania_, 1763-83, a valuable antiquarian
work. The names of Greathouse and Baker became execrable
through their connection with the massacre of Chief Logan's
family, in 1774. Leffler and Biggs attained prominence in
border warfare.--R. G. T.

[10] "At an early period of our settlements, there was an
inferior kind of land title, denominated a tomahawk right. This
was made by [97] deadening a few trees near a spring, and
marking on one or more of them, the initials of the name of the
person, by whom the improvement was made. Rights, acquired in
this way, were frequently bought and sold."--_Doddridge's Notes
on Western Virginia._

[11] William Lowther was the son of Robert, and came with his
father to the Hacker creek settlement in 1772. He soon became
on