red, and began to flourish. From this period, the
monasteries were the schools and seminaries of almost the
whole clergy, both secular and regular." Collier's _Eccles.
History_, vol. ii., p. 19, col. 2. That Glastonbury had many
and excellent books, vide Hearne's _Antiquities of
Glastonbury_; pp. LXXIV-VII. At Cambridge there is a
catalogue of the MSS. which were in Glastonbury library,
A.D. 1248.]

We may open the eleventh century with CANUTE; upon whose political
talents this is not the place to expatiate: but of whose
bibliomaniacal character the illuminated MS. of _The Four Gospels_ in
the Danish tongue--now in the British Museum, and once this monarch's
own book--leaves not the shadow of a doubt! From Canute we may proceed
to notice that extraordinary literary triumvirate--Ingulph, Lanfranc,
and Anselm. No rational man can hesitate about numbering them among
the very first rate book-collectors of that age. As to INGULPH, let us
only follow him, in his boyhood, in his removal from school to
college: let us fancy we see him, with his _Quatuor Sermones_ on a
Sunday--and his _Cunabula Artis Grammaticae_[245] on a week day--under
his arm: making his obeisance to Edgitha, the queen of Edward the
Confessor, and introduced by her to William Duke of Normandy! Again,
when he was placed, by this latter at the head of the rich abbey of
Croyland, let us fancy we see him both adding to, and arranging, its
curious library[246]--before he ventured upon writing the history of
the said abbey. From Ingulph we go to LANFRANC; who, in his earlier
years, gratified his book appetites in the quiet and congenial
seclusion of his little favourite abbey in Normandy: where he
afterwards opened a school, the celebrity of which was acknowledged
throughout Europe. From being a pedagogue, let us trace him in his
virtuous career to the primacy of England; and when we read of his
studious and unimpeachable behaviour, as head of the see of
Canterbury,[247] let us acknowledge that a love of books and of mental
cultivation is among the few comforts in this world of which neither
craft nor misfortune can deprive us. To Lanfranc succeeded, in
book-fame and in professional elevation, his disciple ANSELM; who was
"lettered and chaste of his childhood," says Trevisa:[248] but who was
better suited to the cloister than to the primacy. For, although, like
Wulston, Bishop of Worcester, he might have "sung a long mass, and