ible, moving it.

[29] NOTE.--The numbers in the text refer to the Bibliography at
the end.

This negative result of Neumann's is capable of various possible
explanations, and in no way gives any clear indication (just
because it is negative) as to how a positive result is at all
possible; that is, we cannot conclude from it any better than
before, whether the apparently "mechanical" behaviour of the animal
was intentional, and therefore whether the animal itself could or
could not have behaved otherwise; whether, given the impossibility
of the animal behaving differently, we should say that this
impossibility was absolute or only happened to occur on this
occasion; whether perchance the action of some psychical factor
unknown to Neumann between the animal and himself may not have been
omitted; and whether such factor was not in operation when the
animal was working with its late mistress, etc., etc. In this
connexion I feel it incumbent upon me to recall that I myself saw
Rolf on two or three occasions behave in this same apparently
mechanical way with his mistress (Mrs. Moekel) (II), whose
annoyance thereat seemed so real that I felt certain that it was
not feigned. From Neumann's point of view this would be
incomprehensible--since he makes use of the argument from the
supposed absolute automatism under the impression that it had taken
place in Rolf with _him_, Neumann, alone, _but not_ with the
Moekels. Here, then, it is clear that the intelligence is, or at
least that it is also, "in others."

But whatever value we may attach to Neumann's experiment, it appears to
me sufficiently clear that the supposition of an absolutely mechanically
passive process in the animal will not hold as a sufficient explanation
of the _whole_ of the facts related by Miss Kindermann, nor will it
hold with regard to what science certainly seems to me to be compelled
to admit in the case of the Elberfeld horses, which (as is known)
"worked" magnificently without contact with anyone, tapping their
replies on a board, completely isolated on the ground, and even when
all alone in their stable with the one door tightly closed and all the
spectators outside. The spectators heard and observed the rapped
answers of the horses (for example, to written questions) through a
little glass window. Neither will it hold with regard to the many
exper