presentative specimens of a wide range of
nut species will be collected. Some further work on chestnuts and
filberts may be attempted if they prove to be hardy here. Plans for the
more distant future include studies in soil fertilization and in
spraying for disease and insect control.

+Cold Injury in 1947-48+

This past winter has been very hard on nut trees, and on some other
trees as well. In the first place, the cold weather of the autumn began
very suddenly after six weeks of uninterrupted warm weather without any
cool nights to harden the wood. In late September a few days of cool
weather came, and then three nights in five with temperatures near 20 deg..
The walnut foliage and some of the youngest wood turned black. Next came
a winter with extremely low temperatures, with the minima ranging from
18 to 23 degrees below zero over our orchard land. Our four Persian
walnut trees were killed back to the ground; three of them have sprouted
this summer from the roots. Considerable leaf bud killing occurred on
Chinese chestnut. One Japanese walnut died back to the ground and has
sprouted from the roots. The other tree lost most of its younger wood,
but some buds near the base of last season's growth have sprouted out to
make a new top. Several specimens of the golden chinkapin
(_Castanopsis_) of the Pacific Coast, which had made one year's growth
here, were killed outright.

Most of the terminal buds and youngest wood of our nursery trees of
black walnut were killed, but the trees have grown well this year from
the lateral buds. In the woods some black walnuts which had been cut
down about four or five years ago, and which had made sprout growth now
about fifteen feet high, were killed back from two to four feet by the
winter. A twenty-year-old Stabler black walnut on our lawn lost many of
its top limbs, though the lower limbs survived the winter all right.
Some other types of trees were also badly damaged: some locust trees
were killed to the ground, and many others were killed to very old wood.
A ginkgo tree on our lawn was killed back to the main trunk. This was
one of the few times that I have ever seen injury on this species.

One of the five named varieties of filberts, Pal, escaped winter injury.
DuChilly and Italian Red each have one good tree and one that was killed
back to the ground, but is now sprouting from the roots. Of Medium Long,
both trees have been killed way back. One tree of Cosford was killed