the Understanding hears, it is
called the ear. When she smells, she becomes the sense of scent; and when
she tastes the various objects of taste, she comes to be called by the
name of tongue. When again she feels the touch of the various objects of
touch, she becomes the sense of touch. It is the Understanding that
becomes modified diversely and frequently. When the Understanding desires
anything, she becomes Mind. The five senses with the Mind, which
separately constitute the foundations (of the Understanding), are the
creations of the Understanding. They are called Indriyas. When they
become stained, the Understanding also becomes stained.[1445] The
Understanding, dwelling in Jiva, exists in three states. Sometimes she
obtains joy; sometimes she indulges in grief; and sometimes she exists in
a state that is neither pleasure nor pain. Having for her essence these
conditions or states (viz., Sattwa, Rajas, and Tamas), the Understanding
resolves through these three states.[1446] As the lord of rivers, viz.,
the surging Ocean, always keeps within his continents, even so the
Understanding, which exists in connection with the (three) states, exists
in the Mind (including the senses). When the state of Rajas is awakened,
the Understanding becomes modified into Rajas. Transport of delight, joy,
gladness, happiness, and contentedness of heart, these, when somehow
excited, are the properties of Sattwa. Heart-burning, grief, sorrow,
discontentedness, and unforgivingness,[1447] arising from particular
causes, are the result of Rajas. Ignorance, attachment and error,
heedlessness, stupefaction, and terror, meanness, cheerlessness, sleep,
and procrastination,--these, when brought about by particular causes, are
the properties of Tamas. Whatever state of either body or mind, connected
with joy or happiness, arises, should be regarded as due to the state of
Sattwa. Whatever, again, is fraught with sorrow and is disagreeable to
oneself should be regarded as arising from Rajas. Without commencing any
such act, one should turn one's attention to it (for avoiding it).
Whatever is fraught with error or stupefaction in either body or mind,
and is inconceivable and mysterious, should be known as connected with
Tamas. Thus, have I explained to thee that things in this world dwell in
the Understanding. By knowing this one becomes wise. What else can be the
indication of wisdom? Know now the difference between these two subtile
things, viz., Und