o the Wise, in 890, &c., deserve very little notice. See the
life of our saint compiled by Dom Montfaucon. Op. t. 13. And lastly, the
accurate commentary on his life given by F. Stilting the Bollandist, on
the 14th of September, from p. 401 to 709, t. 4.

A.D. 407.

THIS incomparable doctor, on account of the fluency and sweetness of his
eloquence, obtained soon after his death the surname of Chrysostom, or
Golden Mouth, which we find given him by St. Ephrem of Antioch,
Theodoret, and Cassiodorus. But his tender piety, and his undaunted
courage and zeal in the cause of virtue, are titles far more glorious,
by which he holds an eminent place among the greatest pastors and saints
of the church. About the year 344, according to F. Stilting, Antioch,
the capital city of the East, was ennobled by his illustrious birth. He
had one elder sister, and was the only son and heir of Secundus, master
of the horse, that is, chief commander of the imperial troops in Syria.
His mother, Anthusa, left a widow at twenty years of age, continued such
the remainder of her life, dividing her time between the care of her
family and the exercises of devotion. Her example in this respect made
such an impression on our saint's master, a celebrated pagan sophist,
that he could not forbear crying out, "What wonderful women have the
Christians!"[1] She managed the estate of her children with great
prudence and frugality, knowing this to be part of her duty to God, but
she was sensible that their spiritual instruction in virtue was of
infinitely greater importance. From their cradle she instilled into them
the most perfect maxims of piety, and contempt of the world. The ancient
Romans dreaded nothing more in the education of youth, than their being
ill taught the first principles of the sciences; it being more difficult
to unlearn the errors then imbibed, than to begin on a mere tabula rasa,
or blank paper. Wherefore Anthusa provided her son the ablest masters in
every branch of literature, which the empire at that time afforded.
Eloquence was esteemed the highest accomplishment, especially among the
nobility, and was the surest means of raising men to the first dignities
in the state. John studied that art under Libanius, the most famous
orator of that age; and such was his proficiency, that even in his youth
he excelled his masters. Libanius being asked by his pagan friends on
his death-bed, about the year 390, who should succeed him in his school: