ee years and
a half to Mount Cassino, where he wore the habit of the Order, and
conformed to the practice of the rule during his stay, but made no
religious vows. In 787, Charlemagne overcame the Saxons and conquered
Friseland, and the coast of the Germanic ocean as far as Denmark. Ludger
hearing that by this revolution the mission was again opened, returned
into east Friseland, where he converted the Saxons to the faith; as he
also did the province of Sudergou, now called Westphalia. He founded the
monastery of Werden,[1] in the county of La Mark, twenty-nine miles from
Cologne. His old master Alcuin being come into France, made his merit
known to the emperor Charlemagne. In 802, Hildebald, archbishop of
Cologne, not regarding his strenuous resistance, ordained him bishop of
Mimigardeford, (or ford of the river Mimigard,) a city which afterwards
changed this name for that of Munster, from the great monastery of
regular canons which St. Ludger built there, to serve for his cathedral.
He joined to his diocese five cantons of Friseland, which he had
converted, and also founded the monastery of Helmstad, afterwards called
Lodger-Clooster, or Ludger's cloister, in the duchy of Brunswick.

He was very learned in the holy scriptures, and read daily lectures
thereon to his disciples. He fasted and watched much, and always wore a
hair shirt, but secretly, se that no one knew of it till a little before
his death. {662} He ate some flesh at certain times, chiefly to conform
to others, but always observing a strict temperance. When invited to any
entertainment, his discourse the whole time was on religious subjects,
and he withdrew immediately after. To the poor he was affable and
courteous, but firm and resolute to the proud rich. He exerted an
episcopal vigor against impenitent sinners, and refused all manner of
presents from an incestuous lady, and at length excommunicated her.
Except what was absolutely necessary for his subsistence, he employed
the revenues of his own estate, and those of his bishopric, in
charities. He was accused to the emperor Charlemagne, among other
things, of wasting his income, and neglecting the embellishment of
churches within his jurisdiction. And this prince, who loved to see
churches magnificent, giving ear to the information, ordered him to
appear at court. The morning after his arrival, the emperor's
chamberlain brought him word that his attendance was required. The
saint, being then at his pray