o had come from Philadelphia when the seat of government
was removed from there. Their harmony was, however, disturbed in
1827, when a number of the most influential among them left the
"Orthodox" or old belief and followed Elias Hicks, of New York,
who founded what has since been known as Hicksite Friends. The
Friends believed in a free gospel ministry, and did not recognize
either water-baptism or the ordinance of the Lord's Supper. At
their meetings the elders and preachers occupied a platform at one
end of the meeting-houses, the men sitting on unpainted benches on
one side and the women on the other. The congregation would sit
quietly, often for an hour, until the Spirit moved some preacher,
male or female, to speak or to offer prayer. There was no singing,
and often long intervals of silence. Marriages were solemnized at
the monthly meetings, the ceremony consisting simply of a public
acknowledgment by the man and woman, after due inquiry of their
right to be united. After they had stood up in meeting and publicly
taken one another to be man and wife, a certificate of the ceremony
was publicly read by one of the elders, and then signed by the
contracting parties and witnesses.

[Facsimile]
John Quincy Adams
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS--son of John Adams--was born at Braintree,
Massachusetts, July 11th, 1767; Minister to the Netherlands and
Prussia, 1794-1801; United States Senator, 1803-1808; Professor at
Harvard College, 1808-1809; Minister to Russia, 1809-1817; negotiating
the treaty of Ghent in 1815; Secretary of State, 1817-1825; President,
1825-1829; Representative in Congress, 1831, until stricken by
death in the Capitol, February 23d, 1848.

CHAPTER III.
JOURNALISM IN 1828.

Georgetown, now called "West Washington," was originally laid out
as a town in 1751, and settled by the Scotch agents of English
mercantile houses, whose vessels came annually to its wharves.
They brought valuable freights of hardware, dry goods, and wines,
and they carried back tobacco, raised in the surrounding country,
and furs, brought down the Potomac by Indian traders. There were
also lines of brigs and schooners running to New York, Boston,
Salem, Newburyport, and the West Indies. Two principal articles
of import were sugar and molasses, which were sold at auction on
the wharves. Business in these staples has been entirely superseded
by the coal and flour trade.

The main street of Georgetown was generally filled ever