s, and these sounds awaken in others the same feeling as that which
produced them.

We see, then, that emotion may be expressed by sound and be awakened by
sound, and this obtains among human beings no less than among the lower
animals. In the long process of ages sound qualities have become
indissolubly associated with emotional states, and have become the most
exciting, the most powerful sense stimulus in producing emotional
reactions. The cry of one human being in pain will excite painful
emotions in another. An exclamation of joy will excite a similar emotion
in others, and so on through the whole range of human emotions.

Herbert Spencer holds that the beginning of music may be traced back to
the cry of animals, which evidently has an emotional origin and purpose.
It is a far cry from the beginning of music as described by Spencer to
the modern art song, but from that time to this the principle has
remained the same. The emotional range of the lower animals is small,
doubtless limited to the expression of bodily conditions, but the human
race through long ages of growth has developed an almost unlimited
emotional range, hence the vehicle for its expression has of necessity
increased in complexity.

To meet this demand music as a science has evolved a tone system. That
is, from the infinite number of tones it has selected something over a
hundred having definite mathematical relationships, fixed vibrational
ratios. The art of music takes this system of tones and by means of
combinations, progressions and movements which constitute what is called
musical composition, it undertakes to excite a wide variety of emotions.

The aim and office of music is to create moods. It does not arrive at
definite expression. There is no musical progression which is
universally understood as an invitation to one's neighbor to pass the
bread. The pianist cannot by any particular tone combination make his
audience understand that his left shoe pinches, but he can make them
smile or look serious. He can fill them with courage or bring them to
tears without saying a word. In listening to the Bach _B Minor Mass_ one
can tell the _Sanctus_ from the _Gloria in Excelsis_ without knowing a
word of Latin. The music conveys the mood unmistakably.

A song is a union of music and poetry, a wedding if you please and as in
all matrimonial alliances the two contracting parties should be in
harmony. The poem creates a mood not alone by what it exp