I'll tell you another about his brother.
Who went to the wood and shot another."

From this it is evident that the tories of the time of Cromwell and
Charles the Second were but the lineal descendants of the thievish wood
kernes mentioned by Spenser, or at least the inheritors of their
habits. Defoe attributes the establishment of the word in England to the
infamous Titus Oates.

"There was a meeting," says he "(at which I was present), in the
city, upon the occasion of the discovery of some attempt to stifle the
evidence of the witnesses (about the Popish plot), and tampering with
Bedlow and Stephen Dugdale. Among the discourse Mr. Bedlow said 'he had
letters from Ireland; that there were some tories to be brought over
hither, who were privately to murder Dr. Oates and the said Bedlow.'
The doctor, whose zeal was very hot, could never hear any man after this
talk against the plot, or against the witnesses, but he thought he was
one of the tories, and called almost every man who opposed him in his
discourse a tory--till at last the word became popular. Hume's account
of it is not very much different from this.

"The court party," says he, "reproached their antagonists with their
affinity to the fanatical conventiclers of Scotland, who were known by
the name of Whigs.* The country party found a resemblance between the
courtiers and the Popish banditti in Ireland, on whom the appellation of
tory was affixed. And after this manner these foolish terms of reproach
came into public and general use."

* The word _whig_ is taken from the fact, that in Scotland
it was applied to milk that had become sour; and to this day
milk that has lost its sweetness is termed by the Scotch,
and their descendants in the north of Ireland, whigged milk.

It is evident, from Irish history, that the original tories, politically
speaking, belonged to no party whatever. They were simply thieves,
robbers, and murderers on their own account. Every man's hand was
against them, and certainly their hands were against every man. The fact
is, that in consequence of the predatory nature of Irish warfare, which
plundered, burned, and devastated as it went along, it was impossible
that thousands of the wretched Irish should not themselves be driven
by the most cruel necessity, for the preservation of their lives and of
those of their families, to become thieves and plunderers in absolute
self-defence. Their habitations, such as