ut only within his own dwelling
to serve the common people, on the pain aforesaid.

Also - that if any one sells old shoes, he shall not mix new shoes
among the old in deceit of the common people and to the scandal of
the trade, on the pain aforesaid."

Smithfield was a field outside the city gates at which horses were
sold and raced. In 1372, the horse dealers and drovers petitioned
for a tax on animals sold there to pay for cleaning the field. The
city ordinance reads as follows: "On Wednesday next after the
Feast of St. Margaret the Virgin came reputable men, the
horse dealers and drovers, and delivered unto the mayor and
aldermen a certain petition in these words: 'To the mayor,
recorder, and aldermen show the dealers of Smithfield, that is to
say, the coursers and drovers, that for the amendment of the said
field they have granted and assented among them that for the term
of three years next ensuing after the date of this petition for
every horse sold in the said field there shall be paid one penny,
for every ox and cow one halfpenny, for every eight sheep one
penny, and for every swine one penny by the seller and the same by
the purchaser who buys the same for resale.` Afterwards, on the
eleventh day of August in the same year, Adam Fernham, keeper of
the gaol at Newgate, Hugh, Averelle, bailiff of Smithfield, and
William Godhewe, weaver, were chosen and sworn faithfully to
collect and receive the said pennies in form aforesaid and to
clean the field of Smithfield from time to time during such term
of three years when necessary."

Many London houses were being made from stone and timber and even
brick and timber, instead of just timber and mud. However,
chimneys were still a luxury of the rich. They were made of stone,
tile, or plaster. There were windows of glass and a guild of
glaziers was chartered by the King. A typical merchant's house had
a cellar; a ground floor with a shop and storage space; a first
floor with a parlor to receive guests, a spacious hall for dining,
and perhaps a kitchen; and at the top, a large family bedroom and
a servant's room. Many single-roomed houses added a second-floor
room for sleeping, which was approached by a wooden or stone
staircase from the outside. Their goods were displayed on a booth
outside the door of the house or hung in the windows. They were
stored at night in the cellar. Over the booths swung huge signs,
which had to be nine feet above street level to allow a m