Bolsheviki. The report, based upon evidence of
unquestionable reliability, showed that Jews had been plundered and
murdered not only by disorderly troops of Denikin's Volunteer Army,
and by the troops of Petlura and by the robber bands led by "atamans,"
like Makhno, _but also by regular Bolshevist troops_. The report
attributes to the latter the destruction of at least thirteen Jewish
communities in southern Russia and the murder of five hundred Jews.
And this is only one report of many. Before me as I write is the
account given by an eyewitness of the pogrom which opened at
Novo-Poltavka on September 1, 1919, and lasted through the whole of
the week following. _More than one hundred Jews were murdered,
numerous women and girls were raped, and the entire colony was
plundered._ This pogrom was carried on by the guerrilla bands led by
"atamans" Makhno and Grigoriev, together with regular Bolshevist
troops.[2] Do you ask me to believe that these pogroms were
deliberately brought about as part of a "Jewish" conspiracy?

Under the rule of the Bolsheviki the local organs of Jewish autonomy
in the Ukraine were entirely destroyed.[3] The chairman of the Jewish
Community in Kiev, Mr. D. Levenstein, has testified to the brutal
treatment of the Jews in that city during the Bolshevist occupation.
Vladimir Kossovsky, one of the foremost leaders of the "Bund," well
known in Socialist international circles, in an article published in
the Jewish Socialist monthly, _Die Zukunft_, of New York, says:

Jewish pogroms in Bolshevist Russia have occurred with
particular intensity during the first half of 1918. I shall
point, as an example, to the pogroms in Gulkhov, in the
government of Chernigov, where they assumed a particularly
brutal form, and in a number of places in the Poliesiye. _All
of these pogroms were the work of Bolshevist troops._

The Glukhov pogrom, which has attained such sad notoriety,
started on February 28, 1918, after a Bolshevist detachment had
entered the city. The Red Army men, transformed into savage
beasts, murdered the arrested Jews who were being taken under
guard to the building of the Soviet, _and the street which
housed the Soviet was literally sodden with Jewish blood. All
Jewish stores and residences were sacked._ Peasants from the
near-by villages soon joined the plunderers of the Red Guard in
their work of looting and pillaging. According to news