lders, while the men have tolerably long
two-pointed beards. It would be impossible to find such long
hair among the coast tribes, even in a single instance.

"In the low, swampy land at the mouth of the Congo, one
meets with typical Negroes; and there again, as one reaches
a higher soil, one finds a different class of people.

"The Angolese resemble the Fula. They are scarcely ever
black. Their hands and feet are exquisitely small; and in
every way they form a contrast with the slaves of the
Portuguese, who, brought for the most part from the Congo,
are brutal and debased.

"I have divided Africa into three grand types,--the
Ethiopian, the intermediate, and the Negro. In the same
manner the Negro may be divided into three sub-classes:--

"The bronze-colored class: gracefully formed, with
effeminate features, small hands and feet, long fingers,
intelligent minds, courteous and polished manners. Such are
the Mpongwe of the Gaboon, the Angolese, the Fanti of the
Gold Coast, and most probably the Haoussa of the Niger, a
tribe with which I am not acquainted.

"The black-skinned class: athletic shapes, rude manners,
less intelligence, but always with some good faculties,
thicker lips, broader noses, but seldom prognathous to any
great degree. Such are the Wollof, the Kru-men, the Benga of
Corisco, and the Cabinda of Lower Guinea, who hire
themselves out as sailors in the Congo and in Angola
precisely as do the Kru-men of North Guinea.

"Lastly, the typical Negroes: an exceptional race even among
the Negroes, whose disgusting type it is not necessary to
re-describe. They are found chiefly along the coast between
the Casemanche and Sierra Leone, between Lagos and the
Cameroons, in the Congo swamps, and in certain swampy plains
and mountain-hollows of the interior."[64]

That climate has much to do with physical and mental character, we
will not have to prove to any great extent. It is a fact as well
established as any principle in pathology. Dr. Joseph Brown says,--

"It is observed that the natives of marshy districts who
permanently reside in them lose their whole bodily and
mental constitution, contaminated by the poison they inhale.
Their aspect is sallow and prematurely senile, so that
children are often wrinkled, their muscles f